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  • Genes are also chromosomes!
  • I'm a fruit fly! I have red eyes (which is common)
  • Thomas Hunt Morgan
  • but sometimes other fellow fruit flies will have white eyes (mostly found in males). Phenotype.
  • Proteins were originally thought to be genetic material.
  • I was a medic in WWI.
  • Pathogenic is harmful.
  • We mice were tested on with a pathogenic strain of bacteria which killed us!
  • Streptococcus Pneumonia is a harmless live bacteria-killed that doesn't harm the body.
  • Denatured pathogenic bacteria do not kill my fellow mice. We live.
  • Heat-Treated, non-pathogenic bacteria kills the mice... transformation- change in phenotype.
  • Frederick Griffith
  • Transforming Principle-Purified both DNA and proteins separately from streptococcus pneumonia.
  • Avery, McCarty & Macleod
  • Streptococcus Pneumonia bacteria determine which will transform non-pathogenic
  • Injected protein into bacteria- No effectInjected DNA into bacteria- Transformed harmless bacteria into virus bacteria.
  • Worked with bacteriophage - Viruses that infect bacteria
  • Classic 'Blender Experiment'
  • Grew phage viruses in 2 media, radioactively labeled with either 1. 33SS in their proteins a. Radioactive proteins stayed in the supernatantb.Therefor the virus protein do not enter bacteria
  • Hershey & Chase
  • 2. 32p a. Radioactive DNSb. Therefor DNS did enter the bacteria 3. It confirmed DNA is "Transforming Factor"
  • DNA Composition: - Varies from species to species- All 4 bases not in equal quantity-Bases present in the characteristic. Humans:-A = 30.9%-T = 29.4%-G = 19.9%-C = 19.8%Rule:A = TC = G
  • Chargaff'Chargaff's Rules'
  • Other leading scientist working on questions are down below or up top.
  • I am a developed double helix model of DNA.
  • Linus Pauling-American who worked at the University of California. Pauling produced the first model of DNA but it was not correct.
  • Watson & Crick
  • Rosalind Franklin- X-ray crystallographyDied before the noble prize was given so she didn't receive any acknowledgment.
  • Maurice Wilkins
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