The digestive system
Öykü Penceresi Metni
- The food gets to the stomach. The stomach walls pound the bolus and break it into smaller pieces. Next, hormones trigger the release of gastric acid and enzyme-rich juices. These contain Pepsin, which digests proteins from the meat and beans. The bolus turns into chyme. The acid in the stomach kills all bacteria found in the food.
- My nutrients are now in their smallest molecule! Only absorbtion is missing
- Now, in the duodenum (the uppermost section of the small intestine) pancreatic juices are released. These come from the pancreas. Bile is also produced in the liver and sent through the gall bladder to the duodenum. These liquids travel through the intestine.
- Bile emulsifies fats into small droplets to increase the surface area. Pancreatic juice contains the enzyme trypsin which digests proteins into peptones, and amylase, which digests carbohydrates into maltose. It also contains lipase, which breaks fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol.
- In the ileum, which is also a part of the small intestine, the proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme Eyepsin. Carbohydrates are also broken down from maltose to glucose by the enzyme Maltase.
- The small intestine is lined with small finger-like projections called villi. Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine and are useful for the absorption of nutrients. Each villus has blood and lymphatic capillaries. The food diffuses through the thin membrane of the villi and enters the bloodsteam
- Most of the digestible substances are absorbed in the small intestine. However, fibre, water, and dead cells pass to the large intestine, where water is drained through the intestinal wall. What remains is called stool, and it ends its journey in the rectum, where it is excreted through the anus.
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