შერიფის გამოქვაბულის ექპერიმენტი
Öykü Penceresi Metni
- Sherif et al (1954)
- Group of 22 white, middle classed boys aged 11-12 were divided equally into 2 groups and did not know the other existed prior to the experiment. Each group arrived separately to different areas and took part in non-competitive games such as tent pitching and building campfires.
- The Eagles
- The boys chose names for their groups, The Eagles and The Rattlers. They stenciled their team name onto shirts and flags.
- Robbers Cave State Park
- The Rattlers
- The games started well but the boys soon called each other names such as stinkers and cheaters . In this stage solidarity increased within each group and they showed hostility towards the other group such as stealing the other group's flag and setting fire to it. This confirmed that conflict and negative attitudes between groups can arise from group identity and fighting for resources.
- After group identities were established, the researchers the introduced conflict through games. Situations were also created so that one group benefited at the expense of the other. For example, one group was delayed getting to a picnic and when they arrived the other group had eaten their food.
- During a two-day cooling off period, the boys were asked to list features of the two groups. The boys tended to characterise their own in-group in very favourable terms, and the other out-group in very unfavourable terms.
- The researchers wanted to bring the conflict between the groups to a stop. They developed another hypothesis that working together to reach a common goal would encourage a positive relationship between the groups. Initial tasks included social contact such as watching movies together but then, superordinate goals such as mending the broken down bus or water tank.
- The introduction of these super-ordinate goals eased the tension between the groups. This resulted in less negative ratings of the other group and there was no longer any intergroup hostility.
- The study revealed one of the ways that intergroup conflict and negative intergroup attitudes may emerge. The study has been used to explain how racial prejudice and discrimination may arise between ethnic groups as a result of competition for resources.
- The study was a field experiment. Therefore, the study was not artificial and had a high degree of ecological validity. However, because it was a field experiment, the researchers could not control extraneous variables; such as, behaviours of the leaders or private conversations between the boys.
- There is gender bias present in this study was only boys were used. This makes it difficult to generalise .
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