Ashoka led his army against Kalinga. The Mauryans won, and hundreds of thousands of Kalingans were massacred or sold into slavery.
New Ashoka
Ashoka became remorseful as he saw the destruction the war had caused and witnessed the defeated Kalingans being led into slavery.
Building
He later saw a Buddhist monk meditating in a street amid the chaos and destruction and inquired how such a man, who had nothing, could appear so happy.
Laws
Ashoka became a Buddhist. He renounced war and began a reign of peace and nonviolence.
Ashoka encouraged his subjects to become followers of Buddhism, but he allowed religious freedom to all people in his empire. He had several temples built throughout India.
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Ashoka also established laws that followed Buddhist principles and had them inscribed on rocks and pillars throughout his empire.