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- Excess nitrates and phosphates enter water systems and result in ponds and lakes, this results in algae bloom which blocks sunlight and kills life in the body of water. This is called "Eutrophication"
- Point source pollution is any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged. For example, some factories produces air pollution which spread throughout the air or water.
- Non-point source pollution is to diffuse contamination of water or air that does not originate from a single discrete source. Farms and cities are just some examples because farms use pesticide or herbicide which runs off into waterways and contaminates it.
- Persistent pollutants are chemicals persist for long periods of time in the environment and can accumulate and pass from one species to the next through the food chain. A famous example would be DDT, and how it spread throughout the world accumulating in all parts of USA.
- Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment. Some examples for clean water is trout, mayfly nymph, and stonefly nymph.
- Non-persistent pollutants are chemicals that linger only for a brief period after their release in the environment. Examples of this are domestic sewage, fertilizers, some household cleaners, and some industrial wastes.
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