On August 29 in 1831, British scientist Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction, a seminal breakthrough which laid the groundwork for later researchers such as James Clerk Maxwell, and led to important inventions such as electric motors, transformers, inductors, and generators.
Faraday formulated that electromotive force produced around a closed path is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through any surface bounded by that path.
Faraday experimented by wrapping two insulated coils of wire around an iron ring. He found that, upon passing a current through one coil, a momentary current was induced in the other coil— mutual induction.