RNA Protein Synthesis
Storyboard Text
- How does DNA help synthesize proteins in our bodies?
- Here I'll show you!
- The first stage is the transcription stage. This is where DNA is used to make an mRNA strand by an enzyme called RNA (ribonucleic acid) Polymerase (initiation). RNA Polymerase is involved in opening up a DNA "bubble". The 3' to 5' strand will become a template strand as an RNA is created on the opposing side going in a 5' to 3' direction. RNA Polymerase is essentially the same as all the enzymes in DNA replication; however, RNA Polymerase does everything (elongation).
- An enzyme called spliceosome works with the pre-mRNA created, in order to remove the "inactive" nucleotides called introns. The RNA is then required to be carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Requiring a "modified" nucleotide cap on the 5' end, while the 3' end receives a long PolyA-tail (termination). The mRNA is then taken to the ribosome where the 5' end goes into the small subunit, moving towards 3' until the start codon is found during initiation of translation.
- Once nitrogenouss bases, AUG are found, the larger subunit is connected to the smaller subunit. The tRNA binds with anticodon AUG, containing amino acid methionine. This process moves forward at the P site as another amino acid joins the strand. At the E site the tRNA leaves during elongation of translation.
- Finally, once the tRNA reaches stop codons, UAG, UAA, and UGA, the tRNA and mRNA are terminated by the ribosome. The proteins created by translation with the help of the process of transcription, are then transferred into the Golgi apparatus. The amino acids will then eventually become tertiary structures of proteins, which then would become usable proteins by the cell (termination).
- Right?!?! I hope I was able to help you. Good luck on your test!
- WOAH! I still cant believe how everything occurs so perfectly.
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