After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community needed to chose a new leader. Muhammad's father-in-law, Abu Bakr, was the first of 4 leaders known as the "rightly guided caliphs. These leaders unified Arabia and brought peace.
Schism between Sunnis and Shi’ah
Under the rule of caliph Umar and Uthman, the Muslim empires spread very quikly. By 643, the Muslim empire included land in Iraq, Persia, and North Africa.
The battle of Tours
After Uthman's death, Muhammad's cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, was elected as Caliph.
The Golden Age
A split was formed in the Islamic empire when Mu’awiyah was elected as Caliph. One group believed he was the rightful leader, but the other did not.
Muslim armies were forced out of modern-day France during the battle of Tours.
A period of peace and prosperity during the Abbasid dynasty.
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