A long shot usually shows a person from a far distance and can show a scene and a person. Like where a character is sitting in the school yard from a far.
establishing shot
An Extreme long shot is even further from the camera than a long shot. An extreme long shot shows sometimes lots of people or can be used to show a big city or country.
extreme close up
a close up is usually just the face but a little less zoomed in than a extreme close up
midshot
An establishing shot shows where the movie/scene is about to take place.
An extreme closeup is a SUPER close shot to the characters face. Usually used to show emotion or create suspense in a scene of a movie.
A midshot is used to show from the waist above and is shot from a medium distance.