Islam
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- 632: Abu Bakr chosen as a caliph
- 633: Riddah Wars
- 637: Bakr declarce jihad on Byzantine Empire
- After Muhammad death Abu Bakr one of Muhammad original followers, the council advisers agreed Bakr should be caliph.
- 656: Ali becomes last ruler in Rashidun Caliphate
- The Abu military campaigns against ex-Mulims, tribes were redirected and internal frighting among each other.
- 656: Shi’a Sunni Split OR First Fitnah
- Caliph Abu Bakr declared jihad (holy war) on Byzantine Empire of Greek speaking ChristiansCaliph Umar took control after death of Bakr; conquered Jerusalem, Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Egypt
- 661: Assassination of Ali (End of Rashidun Caliphate)
- Ali became head of Muslim state following assassination of Caliph UthmanShi’a: Ali became first imam (teacher/leader) & rightful successor to Muhammad
- Shi’a: Ali became first imam (teacher/leader) & rightful successor to MuhammadSunni: Ali became 4th caliph & last ruler of Rashidun Caliphate Rashidun: “Rightly guided” caliphate; all personally close to Muhammad & connected all decisions directly to religious teachings
- By time of rule, he’d been passed over 3 times; rule troubled from startSome believed he had nothing to do with assassination of Uthman, but his rise to caliph set off First Fitnah (civil war) where Muslim factions faced each other
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