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How is oil formed?

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How is oil formed?
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  • The sun provides energy to microscopic plants floating in the ocean, which are later eaten by marine animals.
  • These die, fall into the bottom of a saltwater marine environment and get buried under (higher pressures and higher temperatures) sediment (sand and silt).
  • The remains were buried deeper and deeper over centuries, and were impacted due to heat and pressure. 
  • The fossils begin to slowly get trapped under many layers of rock.
  • The immense heat and pressure transformed the smoldering remains into oil and gas. Oil rises through permeable rock, but when it reaches impermeable rock, it forms reservoirs.
  • Gradually, over millions of years, their delicate parts begin converting into oil and we then extract it from the seas and convert part of it into petrol.
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