AP GOV bill of rights & court cases
Snemalna Knjiga Besedilo
- Bill of rights definition
- Hey. Do you know what Bill of rights is?
- It is the first ten amendments of the US constitution, which guarantees the fundamental rights and protections to all individuals.
- Schenck v. United States Bill of rights
- I heard from Ms.Mahloch that there are many court cases associated with Bill of rights. Can you explain it to me?
- Yes. In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment did not protect speech that presented a "clear and present danger" to the safety of the country, which could limit free speech if it posed a threat to national security.
- Why does it violated the first amendment. What is the outcome of the case?
- Schenck had distributed leaflets urging men to resist the draft during World War I. The Court ruled that Schenck's actions posed a clear and present danger to the country's war effort
- The Court's decision in Schenck v. United States established the "clear and present danger" test, which has been used to determine whether or not speech is protected by the First Amendment.
- In Engel v. Vitale, The parents argued that the state-sponsored prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, which prohibits the government from establishing a religion or favoring one religion over another.
- Engel v. Vitale Bill of rights
- I guess the the Supreme Court ruled that the state-sponsored prayer in public schools was unconstitutional.
- Engel v. Vitale Bill of rights
- You are right. Because the the Establishment Clause was intended to create a wall of separation between church and state, and that the state could not impose a religious observance on students in public schools.
- It must has far-reaching implications for the role of religion in public life.
- Gideon v. Wainwright Bill of rights
- Yes. It leads to the widespread provision of counsel for indigent defendants and helping to ensure the fairness of criminal trials. JUST REMEMBER GIDEON WANTS AN ATTORNEY.
- Now, we will talk about Gideon v. Wainwright. Gideon was too poor to afford an attorney and requested that one be appointed for him, and the supreme court ultimately ruled in his favor, holding that the Sixth Amendment requires the appointment of counsel for indigent defendants in all criminal cases.
- It must had a significant impact on criminal justice in the United States.
- Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
- The Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the school violated the students' free speech rights under the 1st Amendment, which set a precedent that public school students have free speech rights, but limited to not disrupt the educational process or not infringe on the rights of others.
- I have heard a story of a group of students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War, and they got suspended.
- New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)
- just remember the NY Times is exposing info.
- In New York Times v. U.S, the government prevented the publication of 'pentagon paper', arguing it would harm national security.
- I know this one! The supreme court held that the government had not met the high burden required to justify prior restraint.
- And this case established a strong precedent in favor of freedom of the press and limited the government's ability to censor information prior to its publication.
- Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
- They argued their religious belief required them to provide their children with an education that emphasized Amish values and traditions, and that continued education beyond the eighth grade would be detrimental to those values.
- In Wisconsin v. Yoder, three Amish parents in Wisconsin who refused to send their children to public school past the eighth grade, as required by state law.
- What does the supreme court say?
- Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
- The supreme court in favor of the Amish parents and held that the state's compulsory education law violated the First Amendment's guarantee of the free exercise of religion.
- I see. So this case is about protection of religious freedom and the rights of parents to direct the education of their children.
- Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
- In this case, the BCRA prohibited the play of documentary(produced by Citizens United) of Hillary Clinton, a candidate for president, within 60 days of a general election.
- I guess the court utilized the 'free speech' to justify the Citizens United.
- McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
- In McDonald v. Chicago case, the Chicago residents challenged the city's handgun ban and other restrictions on firearms ownership.
- just remember McDonald has a gun.
- Yes. The supreme court held that the Second Amendment's guarantee of the right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments through the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause.
- Exactly. The Court held that corporations, like individuals, have a First Amendment right to engage in political speech and that the government cannot restrict that right based on the speaker's identity.
- I've heard of this case, The Court held that the right to keep and bear arms is a fundamental right that is deeply rooted in American history and tradition, and that it is applicable to the states.
- I also learnt that the decision in McDonald v. Chicago extended the Second Amendment's protections to state and local governments, and has had a significant impact on gun rights and gun control laws across the United States.
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