Protein Synthesis
Snemalna Knjiga Besedilo
- Today was weird, I didn't really understand today's lesson, hmm. I just have to sleep. I am exhausted. I will be good in the morning..
- Hi Myra, I am DNA. Hope you are sleeping well. You are probably wondering what I do, I carry all the information the you need to work and look. Today together we will be going through a process called protein synthesis. Now I have a question, do you what a protein is?
- Hi DNA! Protein? Not really...
- That alright Myra! A protein is a molecule made up amino acids. Proteins help build your muscles, organs, etc. Now before we go, I must warn you I will not be staying in this form, I will be changing.
- Oh yea! I almost forgot..I am made up of three things a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. My nitrogen base has 4 different nucleotides.
- I am telling you this Myra because you will see how these nucleotides will change with time. Okay, now let's begin our journey!
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Ohhh ok but wait why does protein synthesis need you?
- Protein synthesis needs me because I carry the information for how to make a protein.
- Hey DNA I have a question, what's protein synthesis?
- Great question Myra! Protein are made in cells. When a cell makes a protein it's called protein synthesis.
- UNZIPGENE
- First Step
- Oooo...Now Myra protein synthesis is split into 2 processes transcription and translation. We have reached the first step, transcription. This is when I am copied into mRNA. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a cell.
- A
- G
- C
- U
- Second Step
- In the second step of transcription we match my exposed nucleotides with RNA nucleotides. Now Myra this is where the ATCG comes into action, since I am getting copied into mRNA instead of ATCG we will have AUCG. (U - Uracil). Since we matched these nucleotides, we are left with a single strand of mRNA.
- DNA: ACTGmRNA: UGAG
- Third/Fourth Step
- Now I am mRNA, my DNA molecule zips back up, and I get released into the cytoplasm.
- Indeed Myra! You are getting the hang of this.
- Wow! This is amazing! DNA you have changed your form, just like you said. Since we done with transcription, we go into translation right?
- First Step
- I attach myself to a Ribosome.
- Ribosome
- Now we are in the second process of protein synthesis, translation. This is when I get translated into polypeptides that make up the protein. Polypeptides are a chain of amino acids, which later fold into a protein. Translation occurs in the ribosome.
- In the second step. The ribosome reads the codons I have. A codon is a set of three nucleotides. The ribosome starts reading at AUG.
- Second Step
- As the tRNA drops off Amino acids, the ribosome binds the amino acids together using peptide bonds until the stop codon is reached. Which then the completed polypeptide chain is released.
- In the third step of translation. tRNA act like taxies and drop amino acids that coordinate with my codons
- tRNA
- Amino Acid
- Fourth Fifth Steps
- Third Step
- mRNA : AUGCAGUAGAmino Acid : Met - Glu - Stop
- Peptide bonds
- Amino Acid
- DNA--TRANSCRIPTION--mRNA--TRANSLATION--PROTEIN
- Protein
- I am still here, anyways I think it time for you to wake up, I hear someone yelling. It was great to have you along with me Myra!
- With that protein synthesis is done.
- Wow, just wow! Protein synthesis is fascinating! But that's a lot of steps DNA. Wait, DNA where did you go?
- Same. Thank you!
- MYRA WAKE UP YOU ARE LATE!!!
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