Stara Grčija Atene Proti Šparti
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- ATHENIAN GOVERNMENT
- ATHENS
- Council of 500
- SPARTAN GOVERNMENT
- SPARTA
- The Council of Elders
- Around 500 BCE, Athens became a democracy where all free men over the age of 18 were allowed to be citizens and take part in government, debate issues, and create laws. There were three components: the assembly, the council, and the courts.
- ATHENIAN ECONOMY
- Assembly
- The Courts
- Sparta was ruled by an oligarchy, which is a government that is in the hands of a few wealthy and powerful people. Their rulers were called the Council of Elders and it included two kings and 28 men. They also had an assembly of male citizens, but they held little power.
- SPARTAN ECONOMY
- Assembly
- As the land in Athens was not fertile enough for extensive farming, the Athenians relied on trade to supplement their needs. They would trade their olive oil, figs, honey, cheese, perfume, and pottery for goods such as wood from Italy and grain, papyrus, and enslaved people from Egypt. They used coins made of gold, silver, and bronze as money.
- EDUCATION IN ATHENS
- Sparta did not produce enough food for its people on its own and discouraged trading, so they relied on conquering other lands to provide enough farmed goods and services. They forced the people of conquered lands to give them their harvests and also produce goods like clothing, iron tools, weapons and pottery. They used heavy iron rods as money.
- EDUCATION IN SPARTA
- Athenians believed in rigorous training of the mind and body. They raised boys to be citizens, educating them in strict schools learning reading, writing, math, music, wrestling, and gymnastics. Young men went on to military training or public speaking and politics. Girls did not learn to read or write, but instead how to cook, clean, and weave cloth.
- WOMEN AND ENSLAVED PEOPLE IN ATHENS
- Spartans were austere and belligerent. Boys were educated to read and write, but those skills were not considered important. The most important was to fight. Even girls received some military training. To become a full citizen, they had to become a Spartan soldier by passing a test of fitness, military, and leadership skills.
- WOMEN AND ENSLAVED PEOPLE IN SPARTA
- Women were not considered equal to men and had far fewer rights. They could not take part in government, own property, or even choose their marriages. Their job was to care for the home and children. Enslaved people had no rights, performing important jobs throughout Athens like working on farms, factories, mines, in the home and tutoring.
- Spartan women were taught to be healthy and strong warriors for the state and fight if necessary. Enslaved people were treated extremely harshly in Sparta. They were prisoners of conquered lands and in order to suppress uprisings, Spartans were extremely cruel, even killing to intimidate.
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