Is voluntary prayer within schools violate the First Amendment and also does it go against the Constitution?
Engel argued that the prayer violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, which was applied to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Engel
Vitale argued in return to Engel's argument that many “misapplied a great constitutional principle” and he couldn't understand how an ‘official religion’ is established by letting those who want to say a prayer say it and the denial of the kids saying this prayer is the denial of also the opportunity of sharing their nation's heritage.
Vitale
The majority ruled that school-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment and is also unconstitutional of having and requiring the daily recitation of a prayer.
In the dissent, Justice Stewart argued that the Establishment Clause was only meant to prohibit the establishment of a state-sponsored church and not prohibit all types of government involvement with religion, and found that the nondenominational nature of the prayer and the "absentee" provision removed constitutional challenges.
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