Born on the 21st of March, 1768, Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier showed interest and talent in mathematics from an early age. By 14 years old, he completed a study of Etienne Bézzout’s Cours de mathématique. Then, in 1783, he received a prize for his study of Charles Bossut's Mécanique en général.
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In 1787, Fourier decided to study for priesthood at the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire but, gave it up to focus on pursuing mathematics. Later on, he then became a teacher at the Benedictine college, École Royale Militaire of Auxerre in 1790.
Fourier's contributions, namely the Fourier Series which involved the expression of periodic functions as an infinite sum of sine and cosine functions, and Fourier Transform which extended the Fourier series to non-periodic functions, and in turn express them as simple sinusoids allowed for developments in solving complex and partial differential equations. It also paved the way for various applications in engineering and physics.
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