Millions Of years ago, Earth used to be full of greenery and animals. But then many plants and animals died and got covered with soil and mud.
As many years passed, the weight of the ground and the Earth's heat converted these dead organic matter into peat which is also when the compression forces gases like oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen leave the organic matter leaving only carbon.
This 'peat' also gets compressed due to the weight of the ground and the heat of the Earth. This peat is then compressed to form bituminous coal.
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