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- Hey I just noticed something
- The spiral when you throw the football kinda looks like DNA
- Oh yeah it does! I remember we learned about DNA in Bio
- What?
- Yea sure. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and it's the building blocks of all living things.
- I remember our teacher talking about it but I don't remember all of it. Could you explain it to me?
- Deoxyribonucleic is a molecule that is made up by a double helix structure that wrap around each other in opposite directions, and it forms instructions for development, growth, and more.
- Oh, that makes a lot of sense!
- Yeah, it's made up of nucleotides, which are made of a combination of Nitrogen Bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.) Phospate groups, and deoxyribose (sugar molecules.) And it's held together by hydrogen and covalent bonds.
- You said that DNA makes up all living organisms, but is DNA made up of something?
- The nitrogen bases are four compounds. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, which is known as complementary base pairing.
- You were talking about nitrogen bases. Could you explain?
- Well there's a process called DNA replication, it starts with an enzyme called helicase unzipping 2 strands of dna by breaking the hydrogen bonds, the place where it happens is called the replication fork. Then, another enzyme called DNA polymerase bonds the strand with nucleotides that are floating around. ANd Bam DNA is replicated.
- No that's about it!
- Great! Anything else I need to know?
- Also, are you just born with all the DNA in your body? Or is there a way for more to be created?
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