England and Its Colonies Prosper
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- THIRTEEN COLONIES
- MERCANTILISM AND THE NAVIGATION ACTS
- Mercantilism
- Throughout the 1600s and 1700s, more British colonies in North America were founded, each for very different reasons.
- The thirteen British colonies existed primarily for the benefit of England. The colonies exported to England a rich variety of raw materials, such as lumber and furs, and in return they imported the manufactured goods that England produced
- COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS
- Europe competed for wealth and power through a new economic system called mercantilism. A nation’s ultimate goal was to become self-sufficient so that it did not have to depend on other countries for goods.
- GROWING SPIRIT OF SELF–DETERMINATION
- Navigation Acts. These acts enforced the following rules: • No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships. • All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least threequarters English or colonial. • The colonies could export certain products, including tobacco and sugar—and later rice, molasses, and furs—only to England. • Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port.
- Englands port
- In nearly every colony, a governor appointed by the Crown served as the highest authority. The governor presided over an advisory council, usually appointed by the governor, and a local assembly elected by landowning white males. The governor had the authority to appoint and dismiss judges and oversee colonial trade.
- The colonies were developing a taste for self-government that would ultimately create the conditions for rebellion. Nehemiah Grew, a British mercantilist, voiced one of the few early concerns when he warned his compatriots about the colonies’ growing self-determination in 1707.
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