Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, the Crusade was a success with Christian forces taking control of Jerusalem on 15 July 1099.
The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control.
The Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE) was a military campaign organized by the Pope and European nobles. This campaign was planned to recapture the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia which had fallen in 1144 CE to the Muslim Seljuk Turks.
Despite an army of 60,000 and the presence of two western kings, the crusade was not successful in the Levant and caused further tension between the Byzantine Empire.
The three leaders were: Frederick I Barbarossa, King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1152-1190 CE), Philip II of France (r. 1180-1223 CE) and Richard I 'the Lionhearted' of England (r. 1189-1199 CE).
in 1187 CE. The Crusade was led by three European monarchs, hence its other name of 'the Kings' Crusade'. Saladin after its fall to the Muslim leader Jerusalem (1189-1192 CE) was launched to retake Third Crusade.
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