FIRST PEOPLES MIGRATE

VIKING EXPLORERS

IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY

BRITAIN MAKES A CLAIM

FRANCE MAKES A CLAIM

NEW FRANCE

TREATY OF UTRECHT

SEVEN YEARS' WAR ENDS

49th PARALLEL

DOMINION OF CANADA

Early descendants of Canada's aboriginal people cross the Bering land bridge from east Asia into North America.

Viking explorers are believed to be the first Europeans to visit North America and establish the L’Anse aux Meadows settlement on the island of Newfoundland.

Foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy, considered the high point of "pre-contact" aboriginal civilization.

Italian explorer John Cabot claims the island of Newfoundland for England.

French explorer Jacques Cartier sails into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and claims the Gaspé Peninsula for France. Early attempts to found permanent French settlements fail.

New France becomes a royal colony of the French Empire.

TheWar of the Spanish Succession,or Queen Anne's War,ended with theTreaty of Utrechtwherein France cededAcadiatoGreat Britainand the British gained control of much of Eastern Canada. France retained Ile St-Jean (later Prince Edward Island) and Ile Royale (later Cape Breton).

TheSeven Years' War (French and Indian War)is ended by theTreaty of Paris. France cedesNew Franceto Great Britain, its colonybecoming the BritishProvince of Quebec, and its remaining maritime colonies annexed by Nova Scotia.

In 1818, the U.S. and British agreed to a border along the 49th parallel from Lake of the Woods in the east (present day Ontario Minnesota) to the Rocky Mountains in the west. This would later be extended to the Pacific Ocean in 1946 with the Oregon treaty.

The Dominion of Canada was formed July 1, 1867 with 4 provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario. Celebrated as Canada Day, this is the day Canada adopted its current constitution and officially "became a country".

CANADIAN HISTORY 10,000 BCE - 1867