Britain began importing opium into China in the late 1700s. By the mid 1830s, over 11 million Chinese were addicted.
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Opium War
Chinese officials began to seize and destroy large quantities of opium. Claiming a violation of free trade rights, Britain responded with military force. In the resulting war, China was devastated.
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Taiping Rebellion
On to Nanjing!
Chinese peasants grew increasingly frustrated with their leaders. A massive peasant army formed and struggled for over a decade for control of China. Twenty million Chinese died in this uprising.
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Spheres of Influence
Britain
Germany
France
CHINA: DIVIDED
Russia
Japan
China controlled by foreigners!
Seeing a weakened, vulnerable China, other nations began to move in and carve the nation into spheres of influence.
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Boxer Rebellion
A secret group, the Righteous Harmonious Fists, formed with the goal of expelling all foreigners. These Boxers were defeated, but a new Chinese nationalism was born.