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- FIRST PEOPLES MIGRATE
- CANADIAN HISTORY 10,000 BCE - 1867
- Early descendants of Canada's aboriginal people cross the Bering land bridge from east Asia into North America.
- VIKING EXPLORERS
- Viking explorers are believed to be the first Europeans to visit North America and establish the L’Anse aux Meadows settlement on the island of Newfoundland.
- IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY
- Foundation of the Iroquois Confederacy, considered the high point of "pre-contact" aboriginal civilization.
- FRANCE MAKES A CLAIM
- BRITAIN MAKES A CLAIM
- Italian explorer John Cabot claims the island of Newfoundland for England.
- French explorer Jacques Cartier sails into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and claims the Gaspé Peninsula for France. Early attempts to found permanent French settlements fail.
- NEW FRANCE
- TREATY OF UTRECHT
- The British gain control of most of eastern Canada.
- New France becomes a royal colony of the French Empire.
- The War of the Spanish Succession, or Queen Anne's War, ended with the Treaty of Utrecht wherein France ceded Acadia to Great Britain and the British gained control of much of Eastern Canada. France retained Ile St-Jean (later Prince Edward Island) and Ile Royale (later Cape Breton).
- SEVEN YEARS' WAR ENDS
- New France is no more.
- 49th PARALLEL
- 49th parallel
- The Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) is ended by the Treaty of Paris. France cedes New France to Great Britain, its colony becoming the British Province of Quebec, and its remaining maritime colonies annexed by Nova Scotia.
- In 1818, the U.S. and British agreed to a border along the 49th parallel from Lake of the Woods in the east (present day Ontario & Minnesota) to the Rocky Mountains in the west. This would later be extended to the Pacific Ocean in 1946 with the Oregon treaty.
- DOMINION OF CANADA
- The Dominion of Canada was formed July 1, 1867 with 4 provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, and Ontario. Celebrated as Canada Day, this is the day Canada adopted its current constitution and officially "became a country".
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