Assignment 2
Storyboard Text
- THEORETICAL LEARNING ORIENTATIONS STORYBOARD
- Cognitive orientations to learning
- Cognitive orientations to learning focus on the progressive development and sophistication of mental processes
- Jean Piaget's most influential work was his " 4 Stages of development"
- A key figure in cognitive orientations to learning
- Jean Piaget:Born: 9 August 1896, Neuchâtel, SwitzerlandDied: 16 September 1980 (age 84 years), Geneva, Switzerland
- Doctorate in zoologyUniversity of neuchâtel 1918
- Stage 1: The sensorimotor stage
- During the sensorimotor stage that starts at birth and ends at the approximate age of 2, understanding of the world is developed through the senses and motor activities. Goal directed activities or actions also gradually replace reflex actions and object permanence is developed. this is shown through behaviours such as searching for things, reaching for objects, memory processing and imitation behaviours.
- The preoperational stage which spans from approximately the age of 2 up until the age of 7 is where the development of language as well as symbol systems occurs. At this age, children are self-centred in their thinking (egocentric) and are able to apply logic in a single direction. These characteristics are shown through the absence of empathy, use of gestures, signs, sounds and words to convey and represent meaning.
- Stage 2: The preoperational stage
- Stage 3: The concrete operational stage
- While in the concrete operational stage (approximately 7-12 years) children display the ability to apply logic during hands-on activities and are able to use concrete experience as a resource when solving problems. These traits are shown through rule-governed games and the ideas irreversibility and conservation being developed.
- The formal operational stage is the final stage of Jean Piaget's stages of development and begins approximately at the age of 12. Children at this stage of development are capable of abstract thought, forming hypothesis' and solving problems systematically. These characteristics are shown through the development of scientific, rational though, rational thought and concern about social issues and identity.
- Stage 4: The formal operational stage
- Another key figure in cognitive orientations to learning
- Vygotsky is known for his sociocultural theory which establishes the view that learning and development is also mediated via cultural and social interactions as well as his "zone of proximal learning" concept which identifies "the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help." this can be seen as scaffolding learning in modern classrooms.
- Lev Vygotsky:Born: 17 November, 1896 in Orsha, RussiaDeath: 11 June, 1934 at age 37 in Moscow, Russia
- Personal experienceIn primary school we would take home and read books from the classroom that were grouped by reading difficulty as homework. By confidently reading a portion of the book for the teacher we would move up a difficulty level and new reading skills would be introduced to us by them and solidified by our parents when reading to them at home. This is a great example of Vygotsky's zone of proximal learning as getting guidance from a "more knowledgeable other" would help us grow our potential when encountering reading difficulties.
- Future application:I will ensure that I use "scaffolding" learning in the classroom to allow for independent learning while also acting as the "more knowledgeable other" to help students grow their learning potential
- limitations: Difficult to determine if and when requirements are met and ambiguity of the term "self actualisation.
- Maslows hierarchy of needs
- Physiological needs (e.g. food, waster, oxygen)
- Safety (e.g. security, protection, nurturance)
- Belongingness and love (e.g acceptance, affiliation, affection.)
- Self-esteem (e.g. competence, approval, recognition.)
- Self-actualisation(e.g. Maximising one's potential)
- Asks educators to put students needs before those of the the curriculum or themselves.
- Abraham Maslow
- Humanistic orientations to learning
- Humanism is a system of thought that focuses on the human experience with a general orientation to a personal philosophy or life that recognises the uniqueness of human beings and the quality of life that contribute to our humanity.
- Carl Rogers
- Rogers Philosophy
- Rogers believed that learning was about personal growth and change and that humans had a natural potential for learning and an inner drive towards self maturity and fulfilment. Building on Marlows work, Rogers concepts became known as "learner-centred education" that describes the educators role as a facilitator that provides the means for students to seek out information for themselves after reflecting on their needs.
- Personal experienceIn all of my classes at school, my basic needs were met but there were always some that were less encouraging and harder to work in due to some teachers that were unable to facilitate the students needs as well as others.
- Future application:In my future classes I will make my best effort to be a facilitating educator and by implementing leaner-centred education to a degree.
- Often referred to now as social cognitive theory, social learning theory was developed by Albert Bandura and "suggests that individuals learn by observing other peoples behaviours and the outcomes of those behaviours."Attention, memory, rehearsal and motivation are cognitive processes that influence observation.Triad reciprocality explains that "a persons behaviour both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment." (Churchill, et, al., 2022, p. 81)
- Social/situational orientations to learning:
- Personal ExperienceDuring practical classes like science, physical education and outdoor education I remember the teachers demonstrating the activity in a controlled environment and allowing us to learn through observation before attempting the task on our own or in groups.
- I will demonstrate tasks for students to allow opportunities to learn through observation and maintain an encouraging and supportive environment that will allow personal characteristics and behaviour to be shaped in a positive way.
- Future application
- Churchill, R., Apps, T., Batt, J., Beckman, K.,Grainger, P., Keddie, A., Letts, W., Mackay, J., McGill, M., Moss, J., Nagal,M. C., Shaw, K., Regers, J. (2022). Teaching: Making A Difference. (5th ed.) John Wiley Sons.)Jean Piaget Image https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Piaget
- Reference:
- Thank you!
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