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- Coen has been very hungry. He decided to make a chicken dinner with a healthy serving of a baked potato and a sandwich. He begins eating his food.
- The food enters the mouth, where he chews to break up the food particles so then it becomes smaller and it will have a bigger surface area and an enzyme called amylase in saliva begins to break down carbohydrates. Then, the food travels down the esophagus Muscles in the esophagus push down food which is a process called peristalsis.
- Once the food has traveled down the esophagus, it enters the stomach where it undergoes both chemical and mechanical digestion. The stomach’s inner wall is composed of smooth muscles that contract continuously to break down the food. Additionally, the stomach contains an acidic solution that enables the enzyme pepsin to digest proteins.
- After leaving the stomach, the food travels down the small intestine (blue). Here, nutrients from food are absorbed. The pancreas (orange) aids in digestion by producing enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The pancreas also produces hormones to regulate blood sugar.
- The liver (blue) also helps by producing bile, which breaks down fat. Excess bile is stored in the gallbladder (green). In the smallintestine, the inner surface is made of villi, which are fingerlike structures that help increase the surface area for quick absorption of nutrients. After nutrients are absorbed from the food, the semiliquid form is called chyme.
- After the small intestine, the chyme enters the large intestine (purple). The colon of the large intestine absorbs water and has bacteria that aids in further digestion and produce useful nutrients like vitamin K and B. The rest of the indigestible material is moved to the rectum as feces, where it is stored until eliminated through the anus.
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