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- Before 1870 the Great Plains in the west were barren of settlers and we home to traditional Native Americans. The conditions their were not favorable for farming. Because of the lack of settlement Abraham Lincoln encourage people to move there by the Homestead Act which promised free land to whoever farmed there for 5 years.
- The Smith family took this opportunity. First issue for these settlers was transportation. They did not know how to move their with all of their supplies. Fortunately , Transcontinental Railroads were made to move everything. It carried crops and animals to the west, but now they needed a place to keep them. The territory was open range and didn't offer protection until they barbed wire their property.
- Animals and crops were now accounted for, but the lack of materials to build houses became a problem. They and others were homeless until they realized that sod was quite sturdy. Sod was plentiful in the plains so people cut that up into sod bricks and built sod houses.
- To farm they needed to use a steel plows to get through the tough soil. The next issue to arise was lack of water sources around. Fortunately, it was known that their was fresh water underground so the people made groundwater wells that extended hundreds of feet into the ground.
- To fix this issues they built windmills that pump the underground water into the well. It was successful. Why happy about the accomplishment the people were unaware of the effects of their settlement.
- Native Americans were unhappy with the intrusion of the settlers. Frequent confrontations occurred for 25 years which people refer to as the Indian Wars.
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