It was here. The results of the elections are out after tying in the electoral college and moving to the next stage, where they waited a while: Jefferson won the election! However, Adams was slowly plotting his way to make a mark before he left as a one term president..
He quickly came to the conclusion that in-between the time Jefferson was elected and when he will be inaugurated, he needs to make as many positions filled with federalists. He made a ton of judge positions and filled them, however in his last two weeks he made the 'midnight judges known'. A set of 59 judges were picked for new courts, and letters were to be sent to them!
You got a Judge Job dude! You have to receive this message to get the job by the way!
I am sending the letters to everyone! I am secretary of state to Adams, John Marshall!
Soon after....
I didn't finish sending them! I'm going to leave the remaining for the next secretary of state...
Madison! Don't send the letters!
I am Marbury, and I wasn't given my letter to get my job! I'm mad, and I am going to take Madison to court to make him do his job!!
With the power of the supreme court, we say you don't get the job! Our power is overpowered, so instead of forcing people to do their job we are changing it to JUDICIAL REVIEW! THAT'S THE FINAL RULE!