CREDIT: [African-Americans kneel on sidewalk outside City Hall in Birmingham, Alabama protesting racial segregation]. United Press International telephoto, 1963. Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress.
Martin Luther King, Jr. makes reference to T.S. Eliot's play Murder in the Cathedral when he writes: “As T.S. Eliot has said: ‘The last temptation is the greatest treason: To do the right deed for the wrong reason.’” The play is about Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Becket who was murdered, and later declared a martyr, for his refusal agree to the crowning of King Henry II.
King references this particular line to strengthen his argument that while the police departments have been nonviolent in public, their good deed of nonviolence is to preserve an immoral system of segregation. Therefore, their efforts to be nonviolent (the right deed) are lost on the demonstrators, because they are still maintaining the institution of segregation, which is unjust (the wrong reason).