Dispersal of the Tribes Cont.
Montāžas Teksta
- On December 29, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry (formerly Custer's regiment) tried to capture about 350 cold and starving Sioux at Wounded Knee, South Dakota. What caused it is in dispute, but fighting broke out- which soon turned into a one-sided massacre as white soldiers turned their revolving cannons on the natives. Forty white soldiers died, but so did over three hundred Sioux, including women and children.
- Indian Boarding School
- Even as all these events occurred, Congress was working to destroy native culture and the tribal structure upon which it depended- overturning nearly fifty years of communally owned tribal reservations in the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, which gradually eliminated the tribal ownership of land in favor of the allotment of tracts to individuals- 160 acres to the head of a family, 80 to a single adult or orphan, and 40 to each dependent child. Adults were given American citizenship, but could not fully own their property for 25 years, supposedly to stop them from selling it to speculators. The Bureau of Indian Affairs also pushed assimilation onto the tribes, taking some children away from their families to boarding schools where, it was believed, they could learn to abandon their traditions. Adults too were pressed to discard their religions and rituals in favor of Christianity. The administration of the entire program was so utterly corrupt that it was soon utterly abandoned, with much land never being distributed to individual owners.
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