Pilliavin et al.
Montāžas Teksta
- The victim is either drunk or blind.Black/white
- Model-Presence/Absence
- The 2 female observers sat in the adjacent area
- NYC,1969
- Model varied at the times they offered help
- Piliavin et al. conducted a field experiment to investigate behaviour in a natural environment and understand the conditions in which people are more likely to help. Here there is a male victim, male model and 2 female observers.
- I wish i could help,but its up to the strong men
- Aprox 4500 men and women passengers travelling on a New York subway between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. became the participants in this covert observation. In the critical area- victim entered the carriage and stood next to central hand rail.
- In 19/38, passengers helped the drunk victim before the model intervened
- Female students are in adjacent carriage and observed. They observed how many people were in the critical area and adjacent- the race, sex, who helped and how long it took took them to help.
- The longer the time lapse before the model helps, the greater the likelihood that passengers discussed the situation or left the critical area
- There is a small tendency for ‘same race’ helping,particularly when the victim is drunk.
- Conclusions
- larger groups are more likely to offer help than smaller groups
- Cane victims received spontaneous help 62 out of 65 trials regardless of his race. In 81/103 trails the victim was helped before the model helped. Men were most likely to help the victim. 90% of first helpers were male
- In 60% of these trials more than one commuter came to help. 68% of the helpers that came to the aid of the white victim were also white compared to just 50% of the white commuters who came to the aid of the black victim.
- People are more likely to help someone perceived as ill over someone perceived as drunk.This because the cost of helping an ill person is less in terms of risk to oneself.Models offering assistance did not tend to influence other passengers
Izveidoti vairāk nekā 30 miljoni stāstu shēmu