The first viceroy of New Spain was Antonio de Mendoza, who ruled from 1535 to 1549, then served as viceroy of Peru, where he died after a year in office.
In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the Viceroyalty of New Spain took on new life when renewed by two distinguished men: Antonio María de Bucareli (1771-1779) and Juan Vicente de Güemes Pacheco de Padilla, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo ( 1789-1794); the latter was the last capable viceroy of New Spain.
El Virreinato de la Nueva España logró sobrevivir a los primeros intentos de independencia de México encabezados por Miguel Hidalgo y José María Morelos .
The viceroyalty of New Spain included all the territory claimed by Spain in North America and the Caribbean from the conquest of the Aztec Empire in the 1520s until the final assertion of independence from Mexico in 1821.
After initial large-scale battles that included tens of thousands of rebels, the fight for independence turned into a bitter guerrilla war.
On February 24, 1821, former royalist commander Agustín Iturbide, a criollo, joined forces with Mexican insurgents and proclaimed the independent empire of Mexico.
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