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- Whats a mutation? A mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of DNA. Changes in genetic material can result in the production ofdifferent proteins.
- What are the types of mutations? There are 3 types, asubstitution mutation, which is one nitrogen base is replaced by adifferent nitrogen base. In an insertion mutation, one or morenitrogen bases are added to the DNA. In a deletion mutation,one or more nitrogen bases are left out of the DNA sequence.
- How do substitutions occur and how do they impact genes? They occur during DNA replication which places the wrong nucleotide or sequence of nucleotides in the wrong position. And the effects are a substitution mutation may cause a difference in the protein, but a mutation can completely change the entire code.
- How do insertion mutations happen and what are the effects? An insertion changes the DNA sequence by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly.
- How do deletion mutations happen and what are the effects of them? A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the affected protein or proteins.
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