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- During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green, yellow) was designed. By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolour flag (red, green, white) and had a spinning wheel int he centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help.
- It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated wiht the image of Bharat Mata and moved by the Swadeshi Movement Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata.
- The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote "Vanke Mataram" as a hymm to the motherland.
- A growing anger against the colonial government was thus bringing together various groups and classes of Indians into a common struggle for freedom in the first half of the twentieth century. The Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi tried to channel people’s grievances into organised movements for independence. Through such movements the nationalists tried to forge a national unity. But as we have seen, diverse groups and classes participated in these movements with varied aspirations and expectations. As their grievances were wide-ranging, freedom from colonial rule also meant different things to different people. The Congress continuously attempted to resolve differences, and ensure that the demands of one group did not alienate another. This is precisely why the unity within the movement often broke down. The high points of Congress activity and nationalist unity were followed by phases of disunity and inner conflict between groups. In other words, what was emerging was a nation with many voices wanting freedom from colonial rule.
- Wow so many sacrifices happened for us.
- And that ends our topic Nationalism in India.
- Yeah, and i learnt so many new things about our history!
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