Science How a star is born 2
Siužetinės Linijos Tekstas
- Hm. Do you know how they're made?
- No, I don't know actually.
- Yeah, they're really bright today.
- Hm... Oh! Aren't the stars so pretty?
- I don't know, but it came from over here.
- What in the world was that?
- Hi!
- AHHHHH!!!!
- Wait wait wait, don’t be scared. I’m Star Crusader! Protector of all galaxies! I’ve come to teach you about Earth and Space.
- Wait...
- Yeah, why?
- Your name is Star Crusader?
- AHAHAHAHA!!!
- Well, now that you’ve finished laughing, would you like to hear what I have to say?
- Hee hee, okay.
- Ok, with the power vested in me, I will take you on the most wondrous journey of-
- Google slides.
- Birth of Stars
- Ok, so I'm going to teach you about the lifetime of a star. But first, let's talk about the birth of one.
- All stars start as nebulas, which is a large cloud of gas and dust. Gravity pulls the dust and gas in the nebula together to make a protostar.
- The star is really born when the gas and dust from the nebula generate so much heat that nuclear fusion starts. This means that hydrogen fuses together and creates energy and helium for the star, which is now a main sequence star.
- Once the fusion begins it excerpts an outward and inward gravitational pressure. As long as the inward and outward forces of gravity are equal, the star is stable.
- The main sequence stars also emit electromagnetic radiation wavelengths, which scientists can use to determine the composition of star.
- Now for the next part.
- Main Lifespan
- The main sequence stage is where stars spend most of their time.
- A star’s color, temperature, and luminosity are related. A blue star has more heat and is brighter, and a red star is cooler and dimmer.
- The star’s temperature and luminosity determine where it is the on the Hersprung Russell Diagram, so the blue stars are on the left and the red stars are on the right. Blue supergiants can be found towards the top right of the main sequence, as they are so bright and hot.
- Brown Dwarf
- Red Supergiant
- Massive stars sometimes become red supergiants, which are located in the upper right hand corner of the chart.
- Another type of star is the red dwarf, which is a very small, cool, and dim star.
- Red Dwarf
- Sometimes, stars can fall off the main sequence line if they cannot reach the stage of nuclear fusion, which nucleosynthesis occurs primarily through stars with. Instead, they become brown dwarfs.
- White Dwarf
- High Mass
- Stars with a higher mass tend to live shorter than stars with a lower mass, because they consume so much fuel.
- Low Mass
- The inward and outward gravitational pressures are able to keep the star stable until the main sequence star finally runs out of hydrogen. During this stage the star can fuse helium to form nickel and iron. The formation of elements heavier than that require an input of energy. After that, it either turns into a planetary nebula or supernova depending on its size.
- Planetary Nebula
- Supernova
- Death of a Star
- When stars die, they either turn into white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.
- Black Hole
- Neutron Stars
- Red Giant
- Near the end of its nuclear fusion, nucleosynthesis, stage, a red giant will expel it’s outer layer, making a planetary nebula. A star like our sun will become a white dwarf at the end of its life.
- Planetary Nebula
- A sun more massive than our sun will explode into a supernova, and then either turn into a neutron star or a black hole. When the star explodes, it also sends the elements it produced flying off into space and gravity and creates new ones.
- Neutron Stars
- Black Hole
- Any element in our body or anywhere that is heavier than iron has traveled through at least one supernova. So essentially, everything and everyone is made up of stardust.
- The End
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