Here is a lollypop because you cleaned your room so nicely.
Positive Reinforcement
WOW! You cleaned your room without me asking.
Charlie's Mom is asking him to clean his room, despite him not liking to do so.
Negative Reinforcement
WOW! They are working so nicely!
Positive Reinforcement is when there is the addition of a stimulus in order to increase the occurrence of a behavior. Charlie's Mom is using positive reinforcement here by rewarding Charlie for cleaning his room.
Negative Reinforcement
Students, since you have all been working very affectively and quietly you will not have homework tonight!
Charlie continues to clean his room each week, without complaints, as a result of receiving the candy from his mom.
Negative Reinforcement
Maybe if we keep working nicely, we won't have homework tonight.
Ms. Smith notices that her students are working very nicely.
Negative Reinforcement is to remove an unwanted stimulus in order increase the behavior to reoccur. Ms. Smith is attempting to increase the likelihood of her students working nicely, by removing their homework, which the students do not want.
By taking away their homework for doing something good, the students now want to repeat that behavior in order to not have homework again.
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