When a king or queen rules the country. Monarchs usually get their power from being in the royal family, but sometimes that isn't the case. In some monarchies, the monarch held all of the power and had the final say in the government. Today, monarchs usually share their governmental role with other parts of the government.
Citizens elect leaders to represent them in government. The elected leaders or representatives, do the day-to-day work of governing the country: They consider the issues, work to find solutions, pass laws, and do all kinds of other things necessary to keep a country going. Citizens hold the ultimate power, though, because if they don't like what their representatives are doing, they can vote in new ones.
A small group of people has all of the power. Oligarchy is a greek word that means rule by a few. Sometimes this means that only a certain group has political rights, such as members of the political party, one's social class, or one's race. For example, in some societies, only noble families who owned land could participate in politics.
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