Themes, symbols, and motifs are valuable aspects of any literary work, and they add richness to stories. Part of the Common Core ELA standards is to introduce and explain these complex concepts. However, abstract ideas are often difficult for students to analyze without assistance. Using a storyboard, students can visually demonstrate their understanding of these concepts, and master analysis of literary elements. For best practices, see our supplementary article with specific lesson plan steps on setting up your classroom and activities to teach themes, symbols, and motifs.
In the classroom, students can track the themes, symbols, and motifs that Homer uses throughout The Odyssey, analyzing examples and the significance of themes.
Throughout his journey, Odysseus and his men are continually tossed into different settings. On each island, they believe that they are entitled to the custom of Greek hospitality. Hosts are expected to provide food, shelter, and protection to any traveler, and guests are expected to be respectful and grateful in return. In The Odyssey, breaking these rules brings misfortune and the disfavor of the Gods.
During the epic journey not only is Odysseus tempted, but his men are as well. Each time they approach a new land, the temptations become stronger. Giving in to these temptations prevent Odysseus and his crew from reaching Ithaca for many years. Temptations they encounter include seduction, immorality, greed, and food.
A prominent theme in ancient stories is the use of wit over brute strength. In Odysseus’ case, although he possesses the strength to win battles, the ability to outsmart his enemy is his most valuable asset. A great example is his escape from Polyphemus’ cave.
Odysseus continually struggles with his men's disobedience. They show their loyalty to Odysseus much of the time, but, especially when they are faced with temptations, they disobey his direct orders.
Over and over again, the men and Odysseus are seduced by various temptations. Examples include Circe, Calypso, the Sirens, and the Lotus-eaters. All these seductions tempt the men to stay, rather than return to Ithaca.
Disguises play a significant role in concealing the characters' identities. The particular act of disguising comes primarily in the form of magical help from the gods, or from the enchantment of a spell.
Epics commonly include trickery or a test of the hero and his followers. This shows the mental strength of the hero, and allows them to earn the rewards needed to reach their goal.
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Student Instructions
Create a storyboard that identifies recurring themes in The Odyssey. Illustrate instances of each theme and write a short description below each cell.
Introduce the idea of symbols and motifs in literature to begin. Talk about the ways in which authors employ these components to enrich the tale and deliver deeper meanings. Teachers can give other examples from simpler works of literature to get students started.
Give the class a list of the major themes and symbols from "The Odyssey," such as the sea, the journey, disguise, and hospitality. Describe each's significance. Teachers can also give the students some basic recognition tips.
Share illustrations or creative interpretations that serve as visual representations of these symbols. Students may be able to better understand the symbols and their significance with the help of visual aids.
Help students locate scenes where these patterns and symbols exist. Ask them to consider how the symbols contribute to the significance of those scenarios.
Organize talks about the ways in which the symbols and motifs of "The Odyssey" connect to universal human experiences and feelings. Teachers can talk about these symbols and motifs in general terms and hold a discussion surrounding personal experience and real-world relevance.
Odysseus' yearning for Ithaca, his birthplace, and his battle to get back together with his family and take his rightful place in society are both reflected in the theme of homecoming.
The themes in "The Odyssey" highlight ideals that were significant in ancient Greek culture, including honor, hospitality, and the interaction between mortals and gods.
Characters like Odysseus employ disguise to assess the loyalty and intelligence of others. It also conveys the notion of shifting identities and the difficulties in being recognized.
The theme of hospitality illustrates how crucial it was to ancient Greek culture to treat visitors with respect. It also acts as a means of evaluating the virtue of characters.
Readers can enjoy the richness of the tale, pick up on underlying themes, and empathize with the characters and their struggles by comprehending these literary components. They can also help open up the imagination and introduce students to a world full of wordplay and interesting subjects.