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- Labor Issues:
- Advances were made in technology and plant construction to prevent accidents. Workday hours were limited, and children were given rights to have a better life and go to school. States adopted administrative rulemaking to stay up to date on factory laws and laws to limit workday hours. The Industrial Commission regulated and protected health and safety of workers with pay if they were hurt on the job. Congress passed Keating-Owens Act for child labor.
- Labor issues were hazardous working conditions, industrial accidents with individual tragedies from unprotected machinery, working too many hours, low wages and child labor.
- Immigration and Urbanization:
- Immigrants were lured to cities with a promise of better living conditions and higher wages. There were so many people it led to overcrowding, poor sanitation, diseases and poverty because the cities could not keep up with the population growth. Immigrants struggled to maintain cultural identity. Settlement houses in urban areas provided help to the poor. They created communities based on their culture to bring people together. Power of city bosses was reduced to allow for more money, fairness in government and to promote a healthy society. Progressives pushed urban reforms, laws to improve living conditions in inner cities. University Settlement House in New York City was established to provide educational and social services to immigrants and low-income families.
- Women's Rights:
- They gained the right to control their earnings, own property, have custody of their children if divorced, and to vote. The main leaders of these organizations that fought for women's rights were Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, and Julia Ward Howe. Woodrow Wilson endorsed women's suffrage and Congress adopted the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote.
- Women were discriminated against in labor conditions regarding pay and employment. Not allowed to own property, have education options, or right to vote. They joined national organizations to promote movements for economic and political equality, social reforms and right to vote. Female activism was embraced.
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