Start of British rule in India
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- India was known for its spices , textiles , perfumes and more.
- The Europeans were naturally very keen to trade directly with India. But, they were helpless as the Turks had blocked entries for Europeans. So, they started looking for sea routes towards India. Vasco da Gama, A Portuguese sailor, discovered a route along the African coast to Calicut in India in 1498. Portuguese were the first to start trading with India after having set up trading centers and warehouses in Kochi, Kannur, and Calicut. Next, they conquered Goa, Daman, and Diu on the western coast of the country. The flourishing trade of the Portuguese attracted first the dutch followed by the British and then the french merchants.
- Have you heard the country named India? I have heard that it has got many famous spices , perfumes and many more. What about we trade and rule there?
- yes! i have heard about that country. Of course we should trade and rule there for our profit
- However, it was the British who were successful in establishing a strong base in India with their trading company, the English East India Company. The English East India Company was set up in the year 1600 with the consent of Elizabeth 1. They even acquired permission to trade in India and set up trading centers in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay from the Mughal Emperor - Jahangir. Soon the company set up its first factory at surat for storing goods and commodities such as cotton , tea , indiago dye , slik , opium and salt. By the next century, the British were well on their way to slowly and steadily establishing their rule in India
- Battle of a Plassey. The British East India Company started maintaining an army in Bengal, on the pretext of protecting its trade operations there. The British merchants fortified their factories in Calcutta without seeking permission from Siraj ud daula , the Nawab of Bengal. This angered the Nawab who demanded its removal which the British refused to permit. They were keen to bring Bengal into their control since it was the country's richest province then. The nawab declared war against the British but was defeated in the battle one of the major reasons for this was Mir suffered the Nawabs general who joined hands with Robert clive the British army in charge, this marked the first step of the British towards their rule in Bengal, this battle was fought at Plassey in the year 1757.
- We will defeat you forever
- You will never win
- Battle of Buxar , after the battle of plassey in 1757 , the British established their dominance over Bengal. They acquired cheap labours and exploited the farmers by forcing them to grow cash crops such as cotton , indigo at cheap rates thus earning huge profits. This made it very difficult and left them struggling for their survival. In order to put an end to this poverty and oppression of the people Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, Shuja ud Daula , the Nawab of Awadh and the mughal king shah alam 2 - formed a coalition and held a battle against the British as the battle of buxar and was fought in 1764. However the British won tjis battle too thus bringing Bengal under their control
- The doctrine of Lapse, the victory of the British in the battle of buxar laid down the building bricks of their rule in India they wanted to extend their territories by the length and the width of the country and thus started using policies to turn and twist the Indian rulers into surrendering their kingdoms one such policy was - The Doctrine Of Lapse. If and Inidda king of a British protected territory had died without a natural heir, his kingdom would be automatically taken over by the East India company
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