Foreshadowing is the use of clues and hints to tell the reader what event to come. This is an example of foreshadowing because of the dark sky, clouds, and droplets of rain, it's going to rain soon.
ALLUSION
Irony is the contrast of the way things seem and the way things are. There are three types of irony, dramatic, verbal, and situational. The irony shown above is verbal irony.
MOTIVATION
A idiom are words with different meanings from what is actually being said, the example above shows an idiom by using the term,"when pigs fly" to imply it wont happen anytime soon.
ANALOGY
An allusion is a brief reference to a famous person, place, or thing. In the example above, this character referred to him as a Grinch for being a stickler.
You're such a Grinch
Motivation is the reason why the character is behaving/acting the way they are. The example above shows a character running, and his motivation is being scared of the dog.
An analogy is a comparison between two things usually for the purpose of an explanation or clarification. In the example above it shows a comparison between a warrior and his sword, and a writer with their pen showing they are both mighty but in their own unique way.