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- Slajd: 1
- Oh really!!, I guess that is why we both have the same hair color and eye color.
- Slajd: 2
- What do you mean by our genes or environment
- Great question, For example, our genes would be what we inherited from dad and mom and we both share 100% of it. Our environment would be our experiences or simply just where we stay
- We both share different environment because we go to different schools and have different friends and interest. If a researcher is trying to study a trait that i have and you do not have, they will be certain that it is not because of genetic factors because we are alike in that way. However, since we go to different schools, the school i go to may be linked to me having that trait or even the friends i have
- Oh wow, that is very interesting. So if we share the same traits, it could be because of our genes but if we have different traits, our environments plays a big factor in that.
- Bingo!
- Slajd: 3
- Sam and I only share some genes, so our hair colors are different as compared to you and Julie.
- Interesting! Max and I play different sports so that could also affects our choices and traits
- Hey guys, me and Julie were talking about twin studies that we learned in our psychology class. Julie, Max and Sam here are fraternal twins so they only share 50% of their genes
- So for them, a trait could be due to their genes or environment so it is more complicated for them.
- I go to a STEM school and like math while julie goes to a arts school and like music. So our environment affects our choices.
- Slajd: 4
- By comparing identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) to fraternal twins (who share 50% of their genes), scientists can see which traits are more influenced by genes—like height—and which are influenced by the environment—like hobbies or favorite food.
- Slajd: 5
- In psychology, We use concordance rates to measure how often twins share the same trait. If identical twins have a higher concordance rate than fraternal twins, it suggests the trait is more influenced by genetics! In this chart, identical twins have high concordance rates of schizophrenia than fraternal twins
- Slajd: 6
- Sam and I share only 50% of our genes so we have different heights
- For a trait like height, the concordance rate is much higher in identical twins because height is strongly influenced by genes!
- That is why Zoe and I are the nearly same heights
- Slajd: 7
- Heritability measures how much of a trait’s variation in a population is due to genetics. It’s calculated by comparing identical twins (MZ) with fraternal twins (DZ)
- We estimate heritability using the formula: h2=2×(rMZ−rDZ), where rMZ is the correlation for monozygotic twins and rDZ is for dizygotic twins.
- For example, the heritability of intelligence is around 0.6. This means about 60% of the variation in IQ in the population can be attributed to genetics, while the rest is influenced by the environment.
- Slajd: 8
- One limitation is that twins raised together might share similar environments, making it hard to separate genetic from environmental influences.
- What are some limitations of Twin studies?
- Slajd: 9
- I really learned a lot about twin studies. I think i am starting to like psychology a lot. Don't be surprised if you see me sitting beside you in class next week
- HAHAHAHA. I am glad you enjoying learning today. Next time we can talk about GWAS!
- Slajd: 0
- In class today we talked about twin studies and I thought it was really cool. Do you know that we share 100% of our genes because we are identical twins?
- Since we are identical twins, researchers can perform experiments on us to see if a trait is linked to our genes or our environment
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