Biology
स्टोरीबोर्ड पाठ
- Hi, Mark! I would love to, but you should be prepared that I don't like loosing and I wont let you win.
- Hello, Lizi! I heard that you have Meiosis' test next week, so do you want to play a game and see who knows the process better?
- Let's start! Who is going to be first? And tell me more about the game!
- Lady's first of course! Each one of use is going to ask questions and the other one should explain in detail or draw the process!
- Okay, I think that I understood the game, but just in case let's practice first and we won't count this round. So what does happen in Interphase?
- Interphase happens before both Meiosis and Mitosis. During this phase, the cell does normal cell activities. such as growth and preparation for division. Also, DNA replication occurs and the cell ends up with 46 chromosomes, which consist of two sister-chromatids.
- Wow... You can explain in great detains, so I get it. I will be better than you because guess what? I can DRAW!
- Since you understood the rules, lets see your drawing skills. I want you to draw and explain the first phase in Meiosis, Prophase I.
- First, the chromosomes condense in order to be visible and move easily. Then the nucleus break down, which would make it easier for the spindle fibers to move the chromosomes. It is time for the chromosomes to find their loved one (same length and genes), which would result in Homologous pairs (couples). This pairs are called tetrads and they are moved by the spindle fibers towards the opposite ends of the cell. And then some crossing over happens. That's mainly what happens in Prophase I.
- Well, what do you think? Isn't it beautiful? And I explained everything, so I sure that I deserve some points.
- Hmm... To be honest, you did a pretty good job, but you forget to explain one very important term. It is easy to say that crossing over occurs, but what exactly happens? If you tell me this, then you can have your points.
- Okay, you are right, crossing over is very important process. During this event, Homologous chromosomes exchange DNA, which results in Recombinant chromosomes. Because of this, siblings are different because they have different combination of genes.
- Thanks! I want you to remind me what Metaphase I was about. And I want a drawing also.
- Well, that's great. Congratulation you earned 15 points. Next time if you tell me everything, you will have 20 points. Now tell me what I have to explain.
- During this phase the Homologous pairs with the help of spindle fibres line up in the middle of the cell, which also called the equator. The way they lined ups totally random, that's why this event is called Random Assortment.
- Well, you are very smart, but even the smartest make mistakes. Congratulations you have 20 points. Now tell me what should I talk about next.
- We will see who will make more mistakes. For now, you are the one, who forgot to explain everything, so let's see how good you are going to explain Anaphase I.
- To be honest this is the simplest question possible. The only event in Anaphase I is that the Homologous pairs are separated by the spindle fibres. Each of the Homologous chromosomes goes to the opposite ends of the cell(like they are getting divorce).
- It is not funny. Let's see what you know about Telophase I.
- What do you think? Am I smart or what?
- It's not that hard. In this phase, chromosomes are situated at the two opposite poles of the cell. Two new cell are beginning to form with their nuclear. In the end the spindle fibers are broken down. That's everything, which happens.
- What???
- Not hard at all! During Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm and all other organelles divide in two and form two new cells. The process begins from the cleavage furrow, which shows where the separation should start.
- I have very easy question for you. What does happen during Cytokinesis? If you don't answer right then you will loose all of your points.
- Since you are that smart, I want you to tell me what is the product of Meiosis I
- Congrats, you know Cytokinesis very well! So what do you want to ask me next?
- In the end of Meiosis I, there are two haploid cells, which have only one copy of the chromosomes. This directly leads to Meiosis I, which starts with haploid cells unlike in Meiosis I, where it begins with diploid cell.
- Now is time for me to tell you that you should explain what haploid and diploid cells are.
- I thought that you knew it. So diploid cells are cells, which have chromosomes from both parents. The haploid cells have only one set of chromosomes and the name comes from half because they have half chromosomes of the diploid cells.
- Just so you know, we are even in points, since you lost some points like me in the last round.
- Well, there is still time until the game is over. Don't get too confident. Let's see what you know about Prophase II.
- Prophase II is an easy one again. Just like in Prophase I nuclear wall breaks down. There is one more thing, which happens the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.
- I want to know more about Metaphase II and this time I want picture.
- Very good, so be that good and tell me my question.
- The only even, which happens in Metaphase II, is chromosomes move in the middle of the cell with the help of spindle fibers.
- Your drawing skills have improved for sure.
- My drawing will be spectacular.
- LOL, thanks! Now is time for you to draw and explain the Anaphase II.
- Anaphase II is just like Anaphase I, but this time the sister chromatids are separate not the Homologous pairs. Each sister chromatid is pulled to one of the ends of the cell by the spindle fibers.
- It's my turn to ask you. Explain more about Telophase II because I am not sure if it is the same as Telophase I.
- In Telophase II, this time the chromatids are in the two opposite sides of the cells. New cells are beginning to form and new nuclear for each cell is created. The fibers are broken down just like in Telophase I.
- During Cytokinesi, the cytoplasm and all other organelles separate in two and form two new cells, so by the end of the process there are four new cells.
- Let's see if you remember what Cytokinesis is. Just a few minutes ago, you told what it is, so you should know it by heart.
- With the help of one another, I believe that we did a great job and to be honest it was a great fun playing with you.
- In the end, we both learned how Meiosis works. We started with just one cell and ended up with four haploid cells, which can be very different from one another. I believe that you are ready for the test.
30 मिलियन से अधिक स्टोरीबोर्ड बनाए गए