The History of Psychology
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- Every human has their own perception of the world according to their previous experiences.
- Plato
- Aristotle
- The way to gain knowledge of something is through observation and data. It's experimental psychology.
- Let's study humans in a lab setting. We will have them report their conscious experiences using a process called introspection.
- Edward Titchener
- Let's break down the study of conscious into its most basic structures, examine them, and then put the pieces back together to understand the whole. We'll call it structuralism.
- Wilhelm Wundt
- 1st Psych Laboritory
- What if we studied the function of consciousness intead? We could ask its purpose according to Charles Darwin's theory of evoluion. This approach will be called functionalism.
- William James
- Mary Whiton Calkins
- I will become the first female president of the American Psychology Association, conduct early experiments on memeory, and found one of the first pyschchology laboritories.
- Margaret Floy Washburn
- I will be the first woman to recieve a Ph.D. in psychology, will serve as president of the American Psychological Association, and will write a book that will influence behavorists, psychologists who focus on observable behavior.
- Max Wertheimer
- Let's look at the big picture of human psychology to understand it. This method will be called Gestalt psychology.
- Sigmund Freud
- Let's use a psychoanalytic approach and study people's unconcious. We have three conflicting parts of our personality: the id, the superego, and the ego. Instinctual desires are a source of psychological energy; it's called psychodynamics.
- I'm a radical behaviorist! Only what can be seen or heard is measureable; behavior should be studied objectively using the scientific method. Let's study learning through rewards and punishments by experimenting on small animals using operant conditioning!
- Hey! Let's conditon fears in young children in an ethically and morally questionable way! We'll use classical conditioning. Behavior needs to be objectively observable and empirically measureable. The law of effect says responses that produce a satisfying result will likely be repeated and those that produce an undesirable effect will likely not be.
- John Watson
- John Watson
- B. F. Skinner
- Harry Harlow
- Let's focus of people's potential and their drive to do their best, a humanistic approach. Humans have free will and are ultimately responsible for the decisions they make regardless of past experiences.
- You cannot study the entire indivisual wihout examining thought processes. We need to cognitively approach psychology.
- Carl Rogers
- Less than ideal circumstances can stop people from reaching self-actualization, their full potential. Humans have a hierarchy of needs.
- Abraham Maslow
- Charles Darwin
- In evolution, the fittest survive and others are naturallly selected out. My theories will be used in an evolutionary approach to explaining psychological behaviors.
- Psychologists need to examine a patient's biology, personality, and social influences in a biopsychosocial approach. Otherwise, we'll overlook possible explainations for behavior.
- George L. Engel
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