Chickenpox Cartoon
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- *cough cough*
- Man. This pathogen doesn't want to leave.
- Mwwahahahaha! We have invaded!! Now, it is time to conquer!
- Mommy! I don't feel good and I'm really itchy!
- I know, honey. It will be really hard, but you can't scratch the bumps. It will make it worse.
- Sally and Julia love to hang out in kindergarten. One day, Julia showed up really itchy and she kept coughing. They continued to play all day. The next day, Julia didn't come to school because the teacher said she had chickenpox.
- Who is this guy???
- Some of the viral chickenpox pathogens ended up travelling in the air while the girls were playing and entered Sally's nose. Her mom also never gave her the chickenpox vaccine.
- Yummy!! Now I better find a Helper T cell to show this nasty little guy to.
- Since Sally is a young kindergartner, she had lots of boogers in her nose. The mucous, as her fist line of defense, tried to stop the viral pathogens from entering the body, but it was not very successful.
- Oh be quiet, MHC class 2. Do you know how hard it is to get the correct helper T cell with the right, specific antigen receptor for this pathogen?
- Man, these Helper T cells sure take their time getting here.
- I'm okay with him not coming.
- The chickenpox virus is now in Sally's body. The pathogen enters host cells and replicates its DNA and RNA to infect Sally with the chickenpox. For simplicity in this cartoon, there will be only one type of epitope on the pathogen, but in reality, there can be many types on one antigen.
- Now I have to alert the others that we have an invader in Sally's body.
- I'm here. I'm here. Stop your complaining. Nice job, Mac. Looks like this little nasty guy is not Sally and is the chickenpox.
- Meanwhile, a few days later, Sally has to stay home because she is running a fever (a part of the inflammatory response) and appears to have the chickenpox. Inside her body, her immune system is hard at work.
- Alright, guys, let's start fighting this.
- Reporting for duty.
- Mac the macrophage is doing his regular rounds throughout the body and finds Mr. Chicky the chickenpox pathogen roaming and invading host cells.
- Present.
- Mac uses the process of phagocytosis to digest Mr. Chicky so he is ready to be presented to a helper T cell.
- We'll be ready for the future.
- Mac, as an antigen-presenting cell, uses its MHC class 2 to present the antigen with its specific epitope to the helper T cell.
- We will lay dormant until Sally's body needs us in the future.
- Jay, the helper T cell with the antigen receptor site that matches with the specific epitope of the antigen, binds with the help of an accessory protein called CD4. Many of Jay's friends came before him, but they didn't have the correct receptor site for the epitope.
- I'll go disperse my antibodies, so the pathogen can be tagged for destruction.
- Jay produces cytokines to signal himself, through positive feedback, and lymphocytes, such as B cells and cytotoxic T cells, to begin to clone and multiply, so the immune system can begin to fight the chickenpox pathogen.
- Hehehehehe. We're coming to get you!!!
- Betty the B cell, Cody the cytotoxic T cell, and Jay the helper T cell are all ready to fight the chickenpox pathogen to help Sally feel better.
- I'm ready.
- Some B cells are plasma cells, meaning they actively fight the pathogen, and others are memory B cells, meaning they will lay dormant and if/ when in the future the same pathogen enters the body, Sally's body will already be prepared.
- Very similar to memory B cells, there are also memory T cells. They will lay dormant until they are needed in the future. They will help speed up the immune response in the future because they are already ready for the pathogen.
- Betty, a plasma cell, and Cody, a cytotoxic T cell, are off to start fighting Sally's case of chickenpox.
- And I'll go find infected host cells, so I can destroy them so the pathogen's DNA can't replicate.
- Once Betty releases her antibodies and they mark and bind to a protein on the pathogen, the chickenpox will no longer be able to infect a host cell because of neutralization.
- Oh no. We're doomed.
- Help me, please! The chickenpox pathogen invaded me. Kill me so the pathogen can't continue to replicate.
- Thanks MHC class 1 for showing me the part of the pathogen. It is definitely not Sally. I'll have to destroy you.
- See!! I told you that I need to be killed. There is no way around it.
- This granzyme is ready to take down this infected cell.
- Oh dear. We are really, really done for. The natural killer cells are after us.
- Don't worry. This perforin is ready for action.
- Nice work team! We took care of all the pathogens. I'm glad we communicated and worked together.
- That's okay. My immune system is very strong and worked hard to get me better.
- I'm sorry I got you sick.
- Cody came across an infected cell. Cody must kill the cell, so the pathogen can no longer replicate its DNA or RNA and continue to make more pathogens.
- Don't worry. I got you. Just show me a part of the antigen, so I can identify it.
- Cody was able to confirm that this cell was infected with the chickenpox pathogen when the MHC class 1 presented a fragment of the antigen to Cody with the help of a CD8 protein. Now Cody will be able to destroy the cell to stop the spread of the pathogen
- Cody releases perforin and granzymes to begin cell death. Pores begin to form in the infected cell, which eventually leads to apoptosis (cell death).
- After lots of communication and team work, the helper T cells, the cytotoxic T cells, and the B cells managed to kill and neutralize all the chickenpox pathogens. With all the memory T and B cells, Sally will be prepared for the future.
- Woo hoo! I'm so proud of us!!
- After many, many days, Sally was finally able to return to school and hang out with her friend Julia. Although it was awful because it was very itchy and miserable, Sally's immune system has become stronger.
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