Translation and transcription
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- Now, we move on the formation andchangesin my DNA, which the processesarecalled; transcription and translation.
- Todays Lesson:Transcription and Translation
- From DNA to make new RNA is called transcription, and RNA to new proteins (protein synthesis) is called translation.
- Hello class, its me, rinoplasy! Let me introduce myself. There's a nucleus in most human cells. Each cell contains between 23 pairs of chromosomes. Each chromosome contain a long strand of DNA, tightly packaged around proteins called histones
- It moves along the DNA, making a strand of messenger RNA out of free bases in the nucleus. The DNA code determines where the free bases are addedto the messenger RNA! This is called TRANSCRIPTION
- Sure I guess.. not creepy at all..
- UM..,. you're getting wayyyy too clingy now ----------
- Genes all have instructions to make protein. When its switched on, an enzyme called RNA polymeraseattaches to the start of the gene.
- Hi, im a RNA polymerase, ill be your super attached friend!
- A T C G A T C G A T C G
- OK! Guys for the last time lets get into position!
- The messenger of RNA then moves out of the nucleusinto the cytoplasm.
- Before messenger RNA can be used as a template for the production of protein, it needs to be processed. This includes removingand adding section of RNA.
- Am in the front or in the back?
- No, your not even supposed in either sides!! Lets add Bob (RNA)e to your spot
- WEEEE IM FREE!! AT LAST
- Cytoplasm
- Sorry Sir, but I have to read your 3 bases due to suspicion.
- The protein factoriesin the cytoplasm, are called ribosomes; and they bind to the messengerRNA. The ribosomes reads the code in the messenger RNA, to produce a chain made up of amino acids. The transfer RNA molecules, carry the amino acids to the ribosomes.
- That'snot fair!! Jimmy who just swam by was only checked ONCE!
- Hi, I am a Ribosome!
- Once the last amino acid has been added, the chain folds into a complex 3D shape to form the PROTEIN.
- I got an order from customer RNA 03456 for new amino acids! Who order new amino acids? This is orderedfrom RNA 0123
- As each 3 bases are read, a transfer RNA delivers the corresponding amino acids. This is finally added to the growing amino chain of amino acids
- I am customer RNA 03456! Yes, thank you RNA 0123!
- Products can be modified by attaching groups such as phosphate via an enzyme to specific amino acids in the primary sequence. Proteins can also be used to move molecules in the cell to where they are needed, these are called motor proteins. Other proteins help the cell to perform regulatory functions, such asinfluences of development or metabolism (through expression of the gene)
- Since we know know hoe replication of DNA works and the steps of theDNA Central Dogma, why is the gene product relevant in the cell?
- Hi, I am a motor protein. I ressemble a lotto a water hose (a tube), and my responsibilityis active transport of most proteins, vesiclesin cytoplasm and many more!
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