The French and Indian War
Kuvakäsikirjoitus Teksti
- The French irritation: The French angered the English in Ohio Valley in the 1750s. France forts started to build forts around Great Lakes into the Ohio River Valley. France had much better trade relationships with the Indians, especially fur trade, then the English did. France controled land north and south of western Pennslyvanis and wanted to control that too.
- George Washington's first commandment: Washington was a wealthy planter and was also a member of Virginia militia when VA claimed western PA too. Governor of VA, Dinwiddie, send Washington and militia to make a road through the mountains in PA. This road from VA to PA would help 'claim' the land for VA. Was
- Preparing and declaring war: To prepare for war in 1754, France sent army regiments to defend Canadian territory. Britain also sent professional soldiers to America commanded by General Edward Braddock. Britain and France tried to get the Native American's help. In June 1755, Braddock led 2000 British soldiers and colonial militia to French Fort Duquesne, PA. War began after news of Braddock's defeat reached London; Britain declared war of France. "World war" because French, British, and Spanish forces clashed into Cuba, the West Indies, India, Philippines, North America, and Europe. Early war years were disastrous for the British and their colonies.
- Pitt takes charge: William Pitt became Secretary of State and then Prime Minister, which made British performance improve. William Pitt didn't care about the cost; Pitt wanted Britain to win the war to matter the expenses which made Britain go into deep debt. Pitt had Britain's best generals, troops, and naval squadrons be sent to the Colonies. The overwhelming British strength let them win the war.
- Causes of War: France claimed the interior parts of North America while British colonies settled along the coast. France and Britain both had a fur trade with different Native American groups. France and Britain both arm the Native Americans they have on their side. British colonies move into the Ohio River valley, which was claimed by France, so France builds forts to keep the British out.
- Effects of war: Britain defeats France which makes Britain win control all of North America east of the Mississippi River. Spain receives New Orleans and French territory west of the Mississippi River. Native Americans start to revolt against British and British ban further settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. The colonists become angry at the British.
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