cell
Süžeeskeem Tekst
- Chemical Evolution Theory
- Chemical Evolution Theory
- RNA World Hypothesis
- During Miller and Urey experiment, they believed that the early world had water and in the atmosphere that there was CO2, NH4, CH4, and lightning as an energy source. For this experiment, they put water over heat, connected, with a tube, to a container of what they thought was the atmosphere was made of.
- RNA World Hypothesis
- When they came back after a few days, the water had turned brown and had hydrocarbons and amino acids inside, which wasn't there before. This experiment had "spontaneously" made macromolecules with no organisms, something that wasn't known. In future experiments, scientists were also able to makes sugars, nucleotides, and fatty acids.
- Endosymbiotic Theory
- This theory is what might have happened to make polymers into prokaryotes. We knew that for a prokaryote, it needed a cell membrane, genetic material, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. We knew that if you threw phospholipids into water, they would create a phospholipid bilayer, which was a membrane. Cytoplasm could also be crossed off because it was just what was inside the membrane when it closed.
- Endosymbiotic Theory
- To get the genetic material and ribosomes, the hypothesis was that if you put enough RNA, which is made of nucleotides, into the cell, you would get a prokaryote. This is because RNA can self replicate, it can act as an enzyme which are known as ribosomes, and ribosomes (which are made of RNA) can make proteins. This hypothesis would give us a possibility on how the first prokaryotes were made.
- This theory explained the creation of eukaryotes. This theory explains how a bigger cell had eaten two smaller cells, but didn't fully digest them. These smaller cells were early mitochondrion and chloroplasts. They helped the bigger cell eat and the bigger cell provided food for the smaller cells. Both benefited from this relationship and Darwin's Theory of Evolution is what got cells to where they are now.
- This theory is possible because there is evidence showing that mitochondrion and chloroplasts were their own organisms. For example, they have their own membrane, they are the same size as bacteria, they can self-replicate, and they have their own DNA similar to bacterial DNA. Therefore this could have been the creation of eukaryotes.
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