Cold War
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- Mr.Brezzi was teaching the Cold War to his U.S History II class. All of a sudden, all of the students passed out.
- The Yalta Conference: Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt discussed Europe's postwar reorganization, mainly re-establishment of the nations conquered and destroyed by Germany.
- The UN replaced the ineffective League of Nations, which had failed to prevent the outbreak of the Second World War.
- The United Nations (UN) was created at the end of World War II as an international peacekeeping organization.
- The Iron Curtain was the name for the physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945
- The Soviet Union attempted to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and its allied states as well as the soviet communist states they had established in the eastern bloc to preserve communism.
- It further warned the Soviet goal of the expansion and preservation of Communism.
- George Kennan’s “Long Telegram”depicted an aggressive Soviet Union driven by expansionist communism.
- Established in 1947, it sent a message to Soviet that the U.S. would not put up with their communist expansion.
- The Truman Doctorine was President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology.
- The Marshall Plan was an American initiative passed in 1948 to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion
- The Berlin airlift was in response to the Soviet blockade of land routes into West Berlin . This blockade initially happened because the Soviet Union felt they didn't have enough say in the economic future of Germany
- The United States began a massive airlift of food, water, and medicine to the citizens of Berlin.
- In 1949, the prospect of further Communist expansion prompted the United States and 11 other Western nations to form NATO.
- However in 1955, the Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe made a similar pact called the Warsaw pact to counteract the U.S. and their idea of NATO
- The Chinese Revolution of 1949. On October 1, 1949, Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China.
- This gave Russia another strong communist neighbor and ally.
- The Soviets successfully tested their first nuclear device, called RDS-1 or "First Lightning" at Semipalatinsk on August 29, 1949
- It detailed formed the basis for America's Cold War policy for the next two decades.
- NSC-68 was a top secret U.S. document requested by President Truman
- On Nov. 1, 1952, the United States conducted its first nuclear test of a fusion device, or “hydrogen bomb,” at Eniwetok in the Marshall Islands. The development of this device was to ensure the U.S. was still ahead in the arms race.
- However, the Soviets quickly matched the U.S. discovery. The first Soviet test of a hydrogen bomb, took place on August 12, 1953,
- Amongst all the military advancements being mad, U.S. paranoias of a communist invasion were at an all time high.
- The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties.
- The Hollywood ten consisted of10 motion-picture producers, directors, and screenwriters who appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee where they refused to answer questions regarding their possible communist affiliations.
- Continuing off of the theme of U.S. paranoias, they may have been more than simple paranoias. From 1948 to 1950, Klaus Fuchs, Alger Hiss, and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were all convicted of conspiring in espionage against the U.S. to help the Soviets.
- The Korean War was a war between North Korea and South Korea. The war began on June 25th, 1950 as a product of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. This caused Korea to split into two sovereign states.
- This war obviously sparked more worry domestically, causing McCarthyism, a practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
- Carried out under, Senator Joseph McCarthy during 1950–1954. Many of the accused were blacklisted or lost their jobs, although most did not in fact belong to the Communist Party.
- When economic, ideological, and cultural appeals failed, the United States, like the Soviet Union, employed spies and CIA covert operations in an effort to achieve its aims in the developing world.
- In response, the U.S. created a closer bond with Israel and ultimately helped its formation and helped battle the communist influenced Palestinians.
- Between 1955 and 1959, the Soviets established a diplomatic presence in the area, made extensive arms deals, trained local armies, offered economic and technical assistance, and energetically supported anti-western regimes.
- On October 29, 1956, Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egypt nationalized the canal in July of that same year, initiating the Suez Crisis. In the end, the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957
- Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request American economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. This showed our policy from Truman's era has not changed much and we will still help countries in need of help from aggressors (mostly the USSR).
- The Hungarian Revolution of 1956, or Hungarian Uprising of 1956, was a nationwide revolution against the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies. U.S. funded, it was an extreme failure.
- This led to, instead of the Arms Race, a Space race and the U.S. responded by launching a satellite of their own (Explorer I).
- Sputnik a soviet satellite, was the first artificial satellite and first man-made object to be placed in Earth's orbit.
- On 1 May 1960, a United States U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Air Defence Forces while performing photographic aerial reconnaissance deep into Soviet territory. This was one of the first Soviet-U.S. physical attacks.
- The kids finally awoke and realized Brezzi tricked them to dream about the whole entire Cold War!
- That darn baldie! He got us!
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