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- Hello, class! Today we will be talking about elements! Is everyone set and ready?
- All set, Sir
- Yes, Sir.
- For today’s lesson, we will tackle chlorine and Thulium. Can anyone share what both of these elements are about and used for?
- Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Thulium, on the other hand, is a lanthanide element, it has a bright silvery-gray luster color and can be cut by a knife. It is the least abundant of the rare earths and its metal is easy to work with. It slowly tarnishes in air, but is more resistant to oxidation than most rare-earth elements.
- Great! Now, can somebody explain what the uses of these elements are?
- Chlorine kills bacteria – it is a disinfectant. It is used to treat drinking water and swimming pool water. It is also used to make hundreds of consumer products from paper to paints, and from textiles to insecticides. Furthermore, Another major use for chlorine is in organic chemistry. It is used as an oxidizing agent and in substitution reactions. Moreover, Lasers have been made from thulium. Stable thulium (Tm-169) can be used as a radiation source in portable X-ray machines after being blasted in a nuclear reactor. It may also find application in ceramic magnetic materials known as ferrites, which are utilized in microwave equipment.
- Speaking of chlorine and Thulium, looking back from the past, way back the year 2020-2024. Wherein, we had a pandemic due to coronavirus caused by SARS-COV2. Due to the sudden surge of covid-19 cases where many people got infected. The Government ordered its citizens to stay at home where no one can go out unless necessary. One of the causes of the sudden rise of covid is also due to shortage of disinfectants such as ethyl alcohols and sanitizers. However, the increase of covid cases was prevented by portable X-ray machines in identifying people with covid along with identifying their body temperature.
- Yes, we remember that!
- Hello, class! Today we will be talking about elements! Is everyone set and ready?
- All set, Sir
- Yes, Sir.
- The reason why chlorine became a perfect alternative in making disinfectants is because the chlorine family's most potent disinfectant in a diluted solution is hypochlorous acid (HOCL). According to some estimates, HOCL is 80–120 times more effective than sodium hypochlorite5. This is because HOCL has a relatively low molecular weight and no charge, making it more effective at penetrating cell walls than other chlorine-based disinfectants. Additionally, it responds quicker to oxidation interactions with organic matter, such as the vital components of microbial cells, than other disinfectants based on chlorine. The hypochlorite ion, on the other hand, is a rather ineffective disinfectant because it cannot diffuse through the cell wall. It is electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged cell walls because it is negatively charged.
- How about the thulium in creation of portable X-ray machines and monitoring of body temperature, sir?
- Wow! Chlorine sure is an interesting element.
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