Unessay Project
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- Libisema: 1
- Patient M.D.
- Hi! I'm Dr. Leigh Miller, Today I want to introduce you to a special case study patient!
- Libisema: 2
- Patient M.D. was rushed to the hospital after an accident in which she suffered head trauma. In the hospital, they took an MRI to assess the damage to her brain. Let's take a look!
- Libisema: 3
- While looking at her brain within the MRI - doctors noticed damage to the temporal lobe. So they decided to look closer, and once zoomed in they noticed bilateral damage to the hippocampus! But what is the hippocampus? Let's take a look!
- Libisema: 4
- The hippocampus is deep inside the temporal lobe, and looks a lot like the tail of a seahorse!
- The hippocampus plays a large role in learning and memory, specifically in the processing of short term memories and transferring them into long term memories
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- This area is called the temporal lobe, which houses the hippocampus
- You might be wondering, now what the heck is short term and long term memory?
- Let's find out!
- Libisema: 6
- Short-Term Memory: stores small amounts of information for a brief duration, our window into the present
- For example: a new friend introduces themselves to you, within those few seconds of meeting, their name is briefly stored in your SHORT TERM memory
- Long-Term Memory: an archive of information about past events and information, spans from a few seconds ago to what you can first remember
- For example: remembering your first grade dance recital, even though you are 14 now, that memory is stored in your LONG TERM memory
- *There are many types of memory within Short-term and Long-term memory, but for now we are only focusing on these two*
- Libisema: 7
- Now let's get back to patient M.D.
- Patient M.D. has shown damage to her hippocampus, which could cause some issues with short-term memory. Let's test her on her short-term memory
- Libisema: 8
- There a few different ways to test Short-Term Memory
- 1. Digits-Span Task: participant is given a list of digits, and then asked to recall the digits
- 2. Change Detection: participants are shown colored squares, then after a 900 ms delay, similar squares shown and then participants are asked if it is “same or different?”
- Libisema: 9
- I gave patient M.D. the digits-span task, and when I asked her to recall the digits, she seemed confused as she couldn't remember any of the digits
- However, she could still remember the name of her childhood dog
- Libisema: 10
- Anterograde vs. Retrograde Amnesia
- The largest difference in retrograde and anterograde amnesia, is that in anterograde amnesia the patient can remember things up until their accident, while for retrograde amnesia, the patient can't remember what happened previous to the accident, but can still form new memories
- Additionally, anterograde amnesia is typically more of a temporary state than retrograde amnesia
- Libisema: 11
- In Conclusion, patient M.D. arrived to the hospital with damage to her hippocampus, thus causing anterograde amnesia in which, her short-term memory is damaged and thus she cannot form new memories
- This area of research is known as neuropsychology, or studying the behavior of those with brain damage, and it is very important in order to understand the underlying mechanisms within the brain that we typically can't see
- More needs to be done in the realm of neuropsychology, as it is compromised majorly of case studies, and it is difficult for findings to be able to generalize to larger populations
- Libisema: 19
- Given the previous observations, I concluded that patient M.D. had ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
- What is Anterograde Amnesia?
- Anterograde amnesia is a type of memory loss in which someone cannot form new memories
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